SUMMARY A report from the International Center for the Study of Radicalization suggests that 41,490 international citizens became affiliated with ISIS since 2014. 13% of these were women, and 12% were minors. This report, however, acknowledges the lack of more specific data available regarding their time embedded in the terrorist group. Some went to the caliphate knowing the extent of its violent acts against nonbelievers, some went seeking the promised Islamic paradise. Some committed atrocities themselves. Some, including those who committed violent acts against nonbelievers, were themselves subject to gender-based violence. Some were children when they were recruited. A threshold framing question for both scholars and legal professionals is to decide if they are viewing female ISIS members as victims, perpetrators, or both. As one scholar claimed, “it is somewhat difficult to accept women as perpetrators and supporters of violence within organizations that subordinate women and employ gender-based violence. In…
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